The regeneration and maturation of mast cells following peritoneal lavage in the rat

Adult rats subjected to repeated peritoneal saline lavage show a rapid depletion of mast cells in the peritoneal fluid, but the mast cells in mesentery and omentum are not significantly reduced. The residual mast cells are predominantly young elements, histochemically belonging to stages 1 and 2 of maturation. Regeneration of mast cells is rapid with return to the normal density and distribution accomplished within 3 -- 4 weeks after cessation of lavage. The origin, nature and factors influencing the regeneration of mast cells is to be further investigated.     

内蒙古部分地区骆驼和羊寄生蜱虫病毒组学分析

为了解内蒙古地区蜱虫病毒组学的本底数据,采用病毒宏基因组学方法对在内蒙古阿拉善盟左旗、右旗和四子王旗地区3个采样点采集骆驼和羊体表寄生的1789只蜱虫样品进行病毒宏基因组学分析,并对特定病毒进行巢式PCR扩增和测序,通过Clustal W和MEGA7.0等生物信息学软件对获得的病毒基因序列进行遗传进化分析.数据显示,蜱虫样品携带包括植物、脊椎动物和非脊椎动物等来源的17个病毒科和一些未分类的病毒;其中,2株弹状病毒具有丰富的遗传多样性,与新疆地区和长江地区的弹状病毒的同源性达到98.5％和96.26％,提示蜱虫弹状病毒可能是通过羊和骆驼等动物贸易导致了新疆和内蒙古地区,以及内地的跨区域传播;细小病毒仅在羊来源的蜱虫中检测到,与中国河北地区的山羊血清中的细小病毒形成同一进化分支,我们推测蜱虫细小病毒在国内不同地区间可跨区域传播,在进化分析过程中,发现这种病毒与多种的细小病毒的同源性都不低于50％,提示细小病毒可能具有遗传稳定性;Tamdy病毒与来自阿塞拜疆、乌兹别克斯坦和美国的Tamdy病毒均具有极高的同源性,结果显示该病毒在内蒙古地区已经出现,并存在潜在流行的可能,有必要对Tamdy病毒进行进一步的监测;在本研究中,我们鉴定的白蛉病毒与来自新疆的亚洲璃眼蜱所携带的博乐蜱虱病毒形成同一个进化分支,与新型布尼亚病毒和Heartland virus病毒的同源性达到50％以上,该结果提示,我们发现的蜱虫白蛉病毒可能具有潜在的致病性,需要对其流行情况和致病性进行监测和研究.本研究为完善内蒙古部分地区蜱虫病毒的多样性和本底情况提供了重要的基础数据.     

格网尺度下典型旅游城市生态服务价值估算和时空分异特征——以三亚为例

以典型旅游城市三亚市为案例地，利用2006-2018年4期Landsat遥感影像数据，借助ENVI、ArcGIS平台定量识别土地利用演变特征，在1km×1km格网尺度下估算旅游地生态系统服务价值，并结合空间探索性数据分析揭示生态系统服务价值时空分异特征及其与旅游地发展的时空耦合关系。结果表明：（1）2006-2018年间，三亚市生态系统服务价值总量呈逐年下降趋势，由6.73×10⁹元降至5.76×10⁹元，累计减少9.78×10⁸元；（2）空间格局上，三亚市呈"南低北高"空间分异格局，2006-2018年增值区域连片分布于崖州区、天涯区、吉阳区南部区域，且呈逐年减少趋势，减值区域集聚于天涯区东北部、海棠区；（3）空间集聚上，生态系统服务价值截面各年份均呈显著空间正相关且相关性先降后增。高高集聚区位于天涯区北部区域，低低集聚区分布于沿海、海湾地区；（4）旅游发展与生态系统服务价值时空演化特征关联性较强。三亚市天涯区北部林地生态环境良好，生态系统服务价值略有下降但绝对数值稳定，是生态系统服务价值主要来源；旅游发展较为迅速的三亚湾、崖州湾以及海棠湾，相对增值区域较多，但绝对生态系统服务价值损失显著，严重滞后于其他区域。     

A new species of the marattialean fern Scolecopteris (Zenker) Millay from the uppermost Permian of Guizhou Province, south-western China

Several isolated marattialean synangia and sporangia are reported from coal balls collected from Coal Seam No.1 (C605) in the uppermost Permian Wangjiazhai Formation in Guizhou Province, south-western China. The synangia are radially symmetrical with diameters between 0.8 and 1.2 mm and are 1.7 mm long, consisting of 3–4 elongate sporangia that are fused basally, free distally and possess a pointed apex. The outer-facing sporangial wall is 4–5 cells thick and conspicuously differentiated. Spores are trilete, have a granular ornamentation and are nearly round equatorially with a diameter of 55–60 µm. Comparisons with other anatomically preserved Palaeozoic marattialean synangia from the Euramerican and Cathaysian floras permit their assignment to the genus of Scolecopteris (Zenker) Millay. In this species the thick, outer-facing sporangial walls and large trilete spores are features consistent with those of the Oliveri Group within Scolecopteris , a group that has previously been considered primitive within this genus. Distinctions from all other previously recognized species within the Oliveri Group lead to the creation of a new species, S. guizhouensis sp. nov. This species is the youngest of the reported species of Scolecopteris recognized from the Euramerican and Cathaysian floras, and provides important evidence on the organization of marattialean ferns from the Upper Permian strata of south China.  © 2006 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2006, 151 , 279–288.     

多种天敌控制多种害虫的模糊数学模型

从生态经济学的原理出发，利用模糊集理论，探讨如何评价天敌控制多种害虫的为害作用，提出了多种天敌控制多种害虫的模糊数学模型。同时又得到了天敌对害虫的控制能力C，影响率G，影响强度H，及权数ω(x)的计算公式，以及在天敌作用下安全度的讨论与分析。     

Contrasting patterns in elevational diversity between microorganisms and macroorganisms

Aim Data and analyses of elevational gradients in diversity have been central to the development and evaluation of a range of general theories of biodiversity. Elevational diversity patterns have, however, been severely understudied for microbes, which often represent decomposer subsystems. Consequently, generalities in the patterns of elevational diversity across different trophic levels remain poorly understood. Our aim was to examine elevational gradients in the diversity of macroinvertebrates, diatoms and bacteria along a stony stream that covered a large elevational gradient. Location Laojun Mountain, Yunnan province, China. Methods The sampling scheme included 26 sites spaced at elevational intervals of 89 m from 1820 to 4050 m elevation along a stony stream. Macroinvertebrate and diatom richness were determined based on the morphology of the specimens. Taxonomic richness for bacteria was quantified using a molecular fingerprinting method. Over 50 environmental variables were measured at each site to quantify environmental variables that could correlate with the patterns of diversity. We used eigenvector‐based spatial filters with multiple regressions to account for spatial autocorrelation. Results The bacterial richness followed an unexpected monotonic increase with elevation. Diatoms decreased monotonically, and macroinvertebrate richness showed a clear unimodal pattern with elevation. The unimodal richness pattern for macroinvertebrates was best explained by the mid‐domain effect (r² = 0.72). The diatom richness was best explained by the variation in nutrient supply, and the increase in bacterial richness with elevation may be related to an increased carbon supply. Main conclusions We found contrasting patterns in elevational diversity among the three studied multi‐trophic groups comprising unicellular and multicellular aquatic taxa. We also found that there may be fundamental differences in the mechanisms underlying these species diversity patterns.